Cigar or the like and method of making the same



United States Patent CIGAR OR THE LIKE AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Ernst Rolf Detert, Lubbecke, Westphalia, Germany, as-

signor to Firma Eduard Gerlach G. 111. b. H., Lubbecke, Westphalia, Germany No Drawing. Application September 28, 1955 Serial No. 537,303

9 Claims. (Cl. 131'-140) The present invention relates to an improved cigar or the like and to a method of making the same, and more particularlyit relates to a cigar having animproved color and improved burning characteristics.

It is known to be desirable to improve the color of cigar wrappers by either darkening or lightening the original color thereof and also by reducing the visibility of blemishes in the wrapper, and it is also known to be desirable to improve the color of the ash formed by smoking the cigar. It is generally desired to obtain as light as possible an ash, preferably an ash of nearly white color.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to apply color and ash-improving materials to the wrapper of a cigar or the like so as to achieve the above mentioned improvements. 7

It is another object of the present invention to apply color and ash-improving materials to the cigar wrapper in such a way that these materials firmly adhere to the wrapper. 7

It is still another object of the present invention to improve the color of a cigar and the color of the ash formed upon smoking of the cigar by applying to the cigar wrapper suitable materials in such a way that these materials will not be wiped or rubbed off the cigar wrapper and also will not be dissolved by the saliva of the smoker. I

It is yet another object of the present invention to so apply color and ash-improving materials to the wrapper of a cigar or the like that any small holes in the wrapper will be closed by the applied materials and consequently the draft of the cigar will be improved.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a further reading of the description and the appended claims.

With the above objects in view, the present invention comprises in a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a colloidal solution including distributed therethrough at least one coloring material adapted to color the Wrapper and at least one ash-forming substance which upon burning forms an ash of predetermined color, and drying'the wrapper treated with the colloidal solution so as to cause adherence of the coloring material and the ash-forming substance to the wrapper, whereby the wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color.

The present invention also consists in a cigar or the like as a new article of manufacture, the cigar or the like according to the present inventionincluding a wrapper and having adhering and substantially evenly distributed on the outer face of the wrapper at least one coloring material adapted to color the wrapper and, at least one ash-forming substance which upon burning forms an ash of predetermined color, and a'thin substantially colorless film covering the wrapper and the coloring material and ash-forming substance adhering thereto, whereby the wrapper is given a desired jcolor before the cigar or the like is smoked and the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same 'is also given a desired color.

According to 'the present invention the color. and ash' improving material is formed of inorganic pigments such vent' may be used in connection with forming the liquid.

colloidal system, such as a mixture of water and one of the lower alcohols. It then suflices to wet the wrapper of the cigar or the like with this mixture to such an ex-' tent that the suspension penetrates into the pores of the wrapper. After drying-off of the solvent, the pigment and the coloring material will thenfirmly adhere to the wrapper.

The following list of coloring materials is 'given as illustrative only, the scope of the invention however not beinglirnite'd to the specific coloring materials listed below:

LIST OF COLORING MATERIALS Natural coloring materials such as: Chlorophyll Yellow wood extract Buckthorn berries extract Logwood extract Hematein Litmus Saffiower Luteolein Humic acid Synthetic coloring materialsi Food colors such as: Indanthrene blue RS'(BASF) Thi'azindbrown (Bayer) Tartrazine XX pure (Bayer) Black 5410 (Bayer) Yellow 27 N (Bayer) The various preparations which may be .use'd'ir'i accordance with the. present invention may be applied to the cigar wrapper in various known ways .and by using various suitable, devices.

or by rolling the cigar between layers of sponge rubber or other, suitable foam materials which are imbibed with the preparation, p

The inorganic pigments or ash-forming materials; such as titanium dioxide or the like which thus have been finely distributed on the cigar wrapper remain after'the smoking of the cigar as a fine white layer on the cigar ash.

The immediately following examples as well as the examplespfurther beloware given as illustrative only, the

Patented June 24, less The preparation may.for in-" stance be applied byspraying thesame .ontofthe cigar invention however not being limited to the specific details of any of the examples in this specification.

PREPARATIONS FOR LIGHTENING THE COLOR OF THE WRAPPER Example 1 (Using natural coloring materials) Parts Magnesium carbonate 55,000 Titanium dioxide 50,000 Buckthorn berries extract 12,000 Sodium humate 27,000 Hematein 0,200 Water- 526,800 Aluminum sulfate 22,000 Potassium nitrate 60,000 Sorbitol in 30% aqueous solution 30,000 Solution of gum arabic 45,000 Tobacco powder 50,000 Starch 50,000 Tragacanth 2,000 Methanol 70,000

1,000,000 Example 2 (Using natural and synthetic pure food coloring materials) Parts Magnesium carbonate 27,500 Titanium, dioxide 90,000 Talcurn 16,000 Buckthorn berries extract 16,500 Sodium humate 16,000 Thiazine brown 3,550 Indanthrene blue 3,500 Water 469,950 Aluminum sulfate 20,000 Potassium nitrate 80,000 Sorbitol in 30% aqueous solution 30,000 Gurnarabic in 25% aqueous solution 45,000 Tobacco powder 70,000 Starch 30,000 Methanol 80,000 Tragacanth 2,000

Example 3 (Without, tobacco powder,,using natural, and synthetic food coloring materials) The preparations described in Examples 1 to 3 are prepared as follows: The inorganic pigments and the coloring materials are stirred into the water and heated to about 80 C. under constant stirring. Thereby the coloring materialsare dissolved. Thereafter aluminum sulfate is added in small portions in order to fix the coloring materials on the pigments. Thereby carbon dioxide is formed. After the generation of carbon dioxide has ended, the following ingredients are added under constant stirring and in the sequence in which they are listed: potassium nitrate, sorbitol solution, gum arabic solution and tobacco powder (if any). Starch is added after the mixture is cooled to below 40 C. Thereafter'a suspension of tragacanth in methanol is introduced into the mixture. After the mass has been completely cooled, the same is passed through a colloid mill and is then ready for use.

Example 4 PREPARATION FOR DARKENING THE COLOR OF THE WRAPPER Parts Carmine red (pure food) 1,200 Sodium humate 70,000 Water 200,000 Magnesium nitrate in 20% aqueous solution.- 200,000 Magnesium carbonate 20,000 Invert sugar 25,000 Potassium nitrate 15,000 Tragacanth 1,500 Methanol 100,000 Water 367,300

The preparation described in Example 4 is prepared as follows: The food color carmine red and the sodium humate are dissolved under heating in 200,000 parts of water, thereafter under stirring 200,000 parts of a 20% aqueous magnesium solution are added, immediately followed by the magnesium carbonate, invert sugar and potassium nitrate. Thereafter the balance of the water is added and finally under continued stirring a suspension of the tragacanth in methanol is'introduced into the mixture. 7

r The preparations described in Examples 1 through 4, upon being applied to the wrapper of a cigar or the like i and subsequent drying of the cigar will firmly adhere to the wrapper.

In certain cases it is desired to further treat the cigar wrapper to which in a first treatment a preparation such as for instance described in one of the foregoing examples has been applied. The purpose of this additional treatment is to further improve the appearance of the cigar'and to more closely simulate the natural color of a wrapper by making the same less dull and slightly less even colored. It is also sometimes desirable to prevent potential detachment of the preparation from the month end of the cigar that may be caused by the saliva of the smoker.

It is therefore within the scope of the present invention to apply a film-forming substance to a cigar or the like, after first treating the same with a color and ash-improving preparation such as described above. The filmforming substance after being applied to the wrapper in the form of a solution and after drying of the thus treated cigar, will form a film adhering to the wrapper and covering the previously applied color and ash-improving substances. The thus formed film will create a natural gloss onthe wrapper and protect the coloring and ashirnproving material from contact with the saliva of the smoker. V

The following list of film-forming substances and solvents therefor is given as illustrative only, the present invention-however not being limited to the specific substances listed. Additional film-forming substances may be chosen which are soluble in low boiling solvents and which upon drying-off of the solvent sill form a thin colorless and transparent film capable of adhering to the wrapper on a cigar.

, SOLVENTS FOR THE FILM-FORMING SUBSTANCES Methanol Ethanol Propanol Isopropanol Butanol Butyl acetate Ethyl glycol Methyl glycol Acetone Methylethyl ketone Carbon tetrachloride Trichlorethylene Perchlorethylene Chloroform Preparations for the above described film-forming treatment of Wrappers for cigars or the like may for instance have the compositions described in the following Examples 5 to 7:

' According to a preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention a water-soluble calcium magnesium or aluminum salt, for instance the formic acid salt of these metals, is included in the preparation used for improving the color and ash of the cigar. After drying-on of this preparation, the wrapper is then treated with a solution of a Water-soluble salt of alginic acid such as sodium alginate. The water-soluble alginate then reacts with the calcium, magnesium or aluminum to form an insoluble alginate, first as a gel, and after drying of the treated cigar as a film firmly adhering to the Wrapper. This after-treatment is preferably executed by wetting the pretreated wrapper of the cigar or the like with the solution of the soluble alginate, and drying of the cigar after the insoluble alginates have been formed, at a temperature of preferably about 40 to 50 C. Best results are achieved if the colloidal solution used for the first treatment of the wrapper contains not less than 2% preferably about 5% of soluble salts of calcium, magnesium or aluminum. j

The preparation used for forming the insoluble alginate film may for instance be composed as follows:

Example 8 Parts Sodium alginate 20,000 Sodium metaphosphate 5,000 Water 875,000 Methanol 100,000

It is an added advantagetof the preparation described in Example 8 that the same is non-inflammable.

Similar satisfactory results are obtained when instead of alginates, salts of cellulose glycolic acid are used which are soluble ina mixture of water and lower alcohols. These'salts too form insoluble films of calcium, magnesium and especially aluminum salts when applied in solution to a cigar wrapper previously treated with a preparation containing soluble magnesium calcium or aluminum salts.

A preparation containing a soluble salt of celluloseglycolic acid instead of a soluble alginate may for instance be composed as follows:

Example 9 Parts Sodium salt of cellulose glycolic acid 20,000 Water 500,000 Methanol 480,000

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the color and ash-improving materials are further fixed to the wrapper by an after-treatment with a solution of the alkaline earth or aluminum salts of cellulose glycolic acid which by themselves are insoluble in water but have the property of swelling in an aqueous methanol, ethanol or isopropanol solution in the presence of small quantities of ammonium hydroxide. The wrappers of cigars which have first been treated for instance with a preparation as described in Examples 1 to 4, may, according to this preferred embodiment of the present invention, be after-treated with a gel such as for instance described in the following example:

Preparations such as described in Examples 5 to 7 may also be used for fixing to a wrapper color and ash-improving materials which originally were applied to the wrapper in dry powder form.

It is also within the scope of the present invention to include in' any of the preparations, such as described in the examples, suitable odorous substances or extractives such as extract of licorice, cedar-wood oil, attar of roses or honey.

According to the embodiment of the present invention wherein the wrapper of a cigar which has first been treated with a material adapted to improve the characteristics of said cigar with respect to the color of the same and the color of the ash formed upon smoking of the cigar, and'to which is then applied a film-forming substance adapted to form a film upon drying, it is achieved that solid powder particles such as pigments, which may have been applied to the wrapper either dry or in suspension, are then embedded in an insoluble film layer. In addition'to thus fixing the color and ash-improving materials to the wrapper so that thefsame cannot be wiped 011 or dissolved, the giyes the, cigar a desirable natural gloss. Filmforming preparations according to the present invention, as 'for instance; described in Examples 5 to .10, are so composed as to in no way influence the taste. of the cigar upon smoking, and so that the'products formed during burning of the cigar are similar to those which are formed during the burning of an'untreated wrapper. i

It is of course important in accordance with the method of the present invention that the solvents used for dissolving the film-forming substance, such as lower alcohols, esters, ketones, ethers, halogenized compounds or other solvents (all of which are characterized by being easily vaporizable at relatively low temperature for instance 40 to 50 C.) are completely removed during the drying of the treated cigar. Itis therefore advisable to use low boiling solvents of great purity'and to execute the drying operation in a drying device through which considerable quantities of airare constantly flowing.

According to another preferred embodiment of the method of the present invention, the two treatments above described, that is the application of color and ash-'im proving materials and the subsequent forming of a-filin on the wrapper, are combined-into one treatment step by for instance suspending the colored, dried and finely ground pigments of Examples 1 to 4 in a film-forming solution according to Examples 5 to 7. Ihis combined Preparation m y th b app ied t heqisarinqnewen ting step, and the cigar then dried as described further above.

A preparation suitable for this combined treatment may for instance be composed as described in the'following example:

Example 11 .Ra t Ethyl cellulose 50,000 Pigment 0 00 Methanol 250,000 Isopropanol 575,000 1,000,000

Preferably, for the treatment of 1,000 cigars of; average size about 250 grams of preparations according to Examples 1 to 4 and about 150 grams of preparations according to Examples 5 through 10 are used. This amounts'to about 5.7 milligrams of preparations according to Examples 1t o' 4'and to about 3 milligrams of preparations according to Examples 5 through 10 and to about 4 mg. of preparations'according to Examplell per square centimeter of wrapper.

In addition to improving the color of the wrapper and of the ash formed upon smoking of the cigar, the treatment according to the present invention also improves thedratt of the cigar by closingpores and small holes in the wrapper. The term cigar as usedherein is meantto denote cigars, cigarillos and any other smoking product which is covered with atobacco leaf wrapper.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can by applying current knowledgere adily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from .the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the genericor specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaningand range of equivalence ofthefollowing claims.

I claim: I V

1. In a methodof improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a liquid colloidal system distributed.therethrough at least one completely combustible coloring material adapted to color said wrapper. andatleast one ash-forming substance which upon burning forms a white ash; dryingjsaid wrapper treated with said colloidal system so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ash-forming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the. same is whitened; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and'said ash-forming substance thereon with asolution of cellulose ethyl'ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance, thereby forming a film on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

2. In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a liquid colloidal system distributed therethrough at least one coloring material adapted to color said wrapper and at least one white pigment; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal system so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said white pigment to saidwrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a de- 1 sired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash forming substance thereon with a solution of cellulose ethyl ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance, thereby forming a film on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

3. In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a liquid colloidal system distributed therethrough at least one coloring material adapted to color said wrapper and at least one ash-forming substance belonging to the group consisting of titanium dioxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talcum and kaolin; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal system so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ash-forming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash-forming substance thereon with a solution of cellulose ethyl ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance, thereby forming a film on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance. 4. .In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a liquid colloidal system distributed therethrough at least one coloring material belonging to the group consisting of chlorophyll, yellow wood extract, buckthorn berries extract, logwood extract, hematein, litmus, saifiower, ,luteolein, humic acid and synthetic food colors, said coloring material being adapted to color said wrapper, and at least one'ash-forming substance which upon burning forms an ash of predetermined color; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal system so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ash-forming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is givena desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash-forming substance thereon with a solution of cellulose ethyl ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance, thereby forming a film on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

5. In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a colloidal solution the continuous phase of which consists of an aqueous solution of a lower alcohol and which has distributed therethrough at least one coloring material adapted to color said wrapper and at least one ash-forming substance which upon burning forms an ash of predetermined color; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal system so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ash-forming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash-forming substance thereon with a solution of cellulose ethyl ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance, thereby forming a film on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

6. In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a liquid colloidal system distributed therethrough at least one coloring material adapted to color said wrapper and at least one ashforming substance which upon burning forms an ash of predetermined color; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal system so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ash-forming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash-forming substance thereon with a solution of cellulose ethyl ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance thereby forming a film on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

7. In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a liquid colloidal system distributed therethrough at least one coloring material adapted to color said wrapper and at least one ashforming substance which upon burning forms an ash of predetermined color; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal system so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ash-forming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash-forming substance thereon with a solution in a solvent comprising water and at least one member of the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, butyl acetate, ethyl glycol, methyl glycol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, and chloroform, of cellulose ethyl ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance thereby forming a film on said Wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

8. In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a colloidal solution, the continuous phase of which consists of an aqueous solution of a lower alcohol and which has distributed therethrough at least one substance belonging to the group consisting of gum arabic, tragacanth and starch, at least one coloring material belonging to the group consisting of chlorophyll, yellow wood extract, buckthorn berries extract, logwood extract, hematein, litmus, safflower, luteolein, humic acid and synthetic food colors, said coloring material being adapted to color said wrapper, and at least one ash-forming substance belonging to the group consisting of titanium dioxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, talcum and kaolin; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal solution so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ashforming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash-forming substance thereon with a solution of cellulose ethyl ether adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance, thereby forming a fihn on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

9. In a method of improving the color and burning characteristics of cigars and the like, the steps of treating the wrapper of a cigar or the like with a colloidal solution having a continuous phase consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of a lower alcohol and having a disperse phase consisting of at least one substance belonging to the group consisting of gum arabic, trag'acanth and starch having distributed therethrough at least one coloring material belonging to the group consisting of chlorophyll, yellow wood extract, buckthorn berries extract, logwood extract, hematein, litmus, safflower, luteolein, humic acid and synthetic food colors, said coloring material being adapted to color said wrapper, and at least one ash-forming substance belonging to the group consisting of titanium dioxide, magnesium carbonate, calci um carbonate, water-soluble calcium, magnesium and aluminum salts, talcum and kaolin; drying said wrapper treated with said colloidal solution so as to cause adherence of said coloring material and said ash-forming substance to said wrapper, whereby said wrapper is given a desired color before the cigar or the like is smoked and whereby the ash of the cigar or the like upon smoking of the same is also given a desired color; treating said wrapper with said coloring material and said ash-forming substance thereon with a solution of cellulose ethyl ether in a solvent comprising water and at least one member of the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, butyl acetate, ethyl glycol, methyl glycol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene and chloroform, said solution being adapted to form a film upon drying; and drying said wrapper treated with said film-forming substance thereby forming a film on said wrapper substantially covering said coloring material and said ash-forming substance.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 254,999 Miller Mar. 14, 1882 258,781 Luby May 30, 1882 456,312 Moonelis July 21, 1891 604,338 Rickard et al May 17, 1898 1,716,250 Thiele June 4, 1929 1,972,718 Sharlit Sept. 4, 1934 FOREIGN PATENTS 373,550 France Mar. 21, 1907 524,478 Belgium Dec. 15, 1953 567,098 Germany Apr. 26, 1933 602,879 Germany Sept. 18, 1934 OTHER REFERENCES R. B. Dean: Modern Colloids, page 121, published 1948 by D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, N. Y. 

1. IN A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE COLOR AND BURNING CHARACTERISTICS OF CIGARS AND THE LIKE, THE STEPS OF TREATING THE WRAPPER OF A CIGAR OR THE LIKE WITH A LIQUID COLLOIDAL SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED THERETHROUGH AT LEAST ONE COMPLETELY COMBUSTIBLE COLORING MATERIAL ADAPTED TO COLOR SAID WRAPPER AND AT LEAST ONE ASH-FORMING SUBSTANCE WHICH UPON BURNING FORMS A WHITE ASH; DRYING SAID WRAPPER TREATED WITH SAID COLLOIDAL SYSTEM SO AS TO CAUSE ADHERENCE OF SAID COLORING MATERIAL AND SAID ASH-FORMING SUBSTANCE TO SAID WRAPPER, WHEREBY SAID WRAPPER IS GIVEN A DESIRED COLOR BEFORE THE CIGAR OR THE LIKE IS SMOKED AND WHEREBY THE ASH OF THE CIGAR OR THE LIKE UPON SMOKING OF THE SAME IS WHITENED; TREATING SAID WRAPPER WITH SAID COLORING MATERIAL AND SAID ASH-FORMING SUBSTANCE THEREON WITH A SOLUTION OF CELLULOSE ETHYL ETHER ADAPTED TO FORM A FILM UPON DRYING; AND DRYING SAID WRAPPER TREATED WITH SAID FILM-FORMING SUBSTANCE, THEREBY FORMING A FILM ON SAID WRAPPER SUBSTANTIALLY COVERING SAID COLORING MATERIAL AND SAID ASH-FORMING SUBSTANCE. 